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Coseismic traveling ionospheric disturbances
Traveling coseismic ionospheric disturbances observed with a dense GPS array
Heki, K. and J.-S. Ping, Earth, Planet. Sci. Lett., 236, 845-855, 2005.
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Seismic waves propagating through the ionosphere were observed after the 2003 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake, in Hokkaido (Mw = 8.0). Their apparent velocity (〜1 km/sec), period (〜300 sec), time lag (〜10 minutes after the earthquake) and directivity (southward beam) suggested that these were acoustic waves induced by the sudden uplift of the sea surface.
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